Project 684 | The association between the COVID-19 vaccine and skin conditions

Aim

To determine if there is an association between the COVID-19 vaccine and bullous pemphigoid, shingles and urticaria.

Background

In 2021, we entered a new phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several vaccines were approved, and mass vaccination programmes began. The COVID-19 vaccines have saved millions of lives worldwide. However, some people have been vaccine hesitant because of the rapid use of new technology and the potential for side-effects.

Some small studies have shown an association with certain skin conditions (bullous pemphigoid: a rare blistering disease; shingles: a painful and often disabling condition, and urticaria sometimes known as ‘hives’; a painful swelling condition) and the COVID-19 vaccine. All three conditions can lead to serious complications and affect quality of life if not identified early on.
It is important for GPs and other healthcare professionals like nurses and pharmacists to be aware of post-vaccination skin conditions so that patients receive appropriate treatment and do not get worse. It is also important for patients to make informed decisions with their doctors about risks when they consent to vaccination and be aware of the risks associated with each type of vaccine. One of our patient partners who developed bullous pemphigoid following her second Pfizer dose says, “My GP, who is very good, thought I had scabies initially…I waited a long time before seeing a dermatologist…once diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid I was given oral steroids. Having painful blisters was unbearable…it has been a year of hell.”
A large study with people from across the UK needs to be conducted.

Methods

We will use patient data which is routinely collected from over 1700 GP surgeries across the UK to calculate the risk of developing bullous pemphigoid, shingles or urticaria following administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. This is an efficient way to undertake research on uncommon conditions and it will reveal what happens in healthcare settings across the whole country. We will consider different vaccine types and find out if these skin conditions have increased in the UK since the mass vaccination programme started.

Anticipated impact

A greater awareness for healthcare professionals in primary care of the potential side-effects of the COVID-19 vaccines and which vaccine type may have higher risk. Alternatively, patients may be reassured that bullous pemphigoid, urticaria and shingles are not associated with the vaccines.

Patient and Public Involvement

Patients with skin diseases, have inspired, and helped develop this study. They will be involved throughout the study and ensure results are presented in a format that is easy for patients from all backgrounds.

Dissemination

We will publish our work and specifically target the providers of education in primary care, the local media, and support groups to share details with healthcare professionals and patients.